Sublimation of Dry Ice in Water free essay sample

Purpose Dry ice is just frozen carbon dioxide (-78 C), CO2 is kind of interesting as, unlike water, when it is cooled at atmospheric pressure; it goes directly from a gas to a solid! And when warming, it goes directly from a solid to a gas! Liquid CO2 is not stable at atmospheric pressure, however in a CO2 fire extinguisher; the CO2 is liquid (at about 840 psi). However, if one uses the extinguisher, what comes out is partly gaseous CO2 and partly CO2 snow, no liquid! Dry ice is sometimes used when shipping things that need to be frozen because, it doesnt produce melted water or even liquid carbon dioxide) when it warms up, so there’s nothing leaking out of the shipping boxes (except some gaseous carbon dioxide). If it’s put in warm water, fake fog is formed which is sometimes used for plays, mad scientist movies, etc. Sometimes it is used the chemistry labs for cooling purposes (for cold traps or cooling very reactive and unstable materials during reaction). Sometimes, it is even a reactant for chemical synthesis, for example, adding dry ice to a Grignard reagent, followed by an acidic work up will give the corresponding carboxylic acid. How long can dry ice sustain in various temperatures of water (hot, cold, and average)? If the proper temperature of water is found in the lab results, then that can be utilized in many cases. It can be used to store dry ice in packages and shipments for the longest time possible. Some people may not be sure if they want to include hot, cold, or room-temperature water with dry ice in cargos and other transportations. It can also be used for cool effects in stage production or making home-made fog machine. The purpose would be to see which water would make the dry ice sublimate the fastest or the slowest. Experimental Questions 1. Which temperature water will make the dry ice sublimate the fastest? 2. Which temperature water will make the dry ice sublimate the slowest? 3. How does the dry ice sublimate without adding water level in the beaker? 4. How can the lab results be utilized in real life uses? 5. What will be the different water temperatures used in this experimental lab? Preliminary Research What is Dry Ice Dry ice is carbon dioxide is frozen at -109. 3 degrees F. (-78 degrees C. ) but if you defreeze dry ice it would become its gas form called carbon dioxide or better known as CO2. To create dry ice carbon dioxide is first stored in tanks as a liquid and then the creators compress the liquid into dry ice which will melt into a gas at or above a normal room temperature. One cool fact about dry ice is that is that it sublimates faster than the normal ice melts would melt in a room. Sublimation Dry ice can have two states which it can go through, which is | fairly uncommon but sometimes it can skip on of the three states, the state it skips is the liquid state. When it skips the liquid state (and turns straight into a gas from a solid) it is considered to be going through sublimation. Sublimation is the process in which the item doesn’t go through its liquid state, which in this case is when dry ice turns into carbon dioxide without becoming water in other words going through sublimation. Dry ice can be bought because of sublimation; sublimation is a fairly rare ability that few items share. Dry ice is sometimes even used in movies as a smoke or sometimes even just a gas; although it can also be used in a witch’s caldron. It can be used as a prop because it will become carbon dioxide and make it seem that you are really looking at smoke or steam or any other characteristic they can use dry ice to deceive you with. The fog appears from the thermal energy it gets while turning into from its solid form of dry ice into its gas form of carbon dioxide. Chilling Out Most times when a person gets food that he/she is supposed to refrigerate when you get the food it will come cold, which is surprising because it is in a warm truck for a long time. Although it can be other things too, dry ice is an important tool to keep many foods cold or at the temperature it is supposed to be at, so dry ice can be used as a refrigerant while moving from one place to another in a truck or just at a home. Dry ice is also a product in stores and its first large sale was to Breyer Ice cream in 1925 and was bought to be used to keep the ice cream cool. Dry ice is used to cool other foods too like meats and popsicles and most other things that get traveled to your house and sometimes at the grocery store. They keep many things other than food; it is also used to keep the inside of a refrigerator cool so the food inside it doesn’t become warm and not at a healthy temperature. Carbon Dioxide Carbon dioxide is a naturally occurring chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom. Composed- The manner in which such parts are combined or related. Sublimation-is the process of transformation directly from the solid phase to the gas phase without passing through an intermediate liquid phase. Thermal Energy-is the part of the total internal energy of a thermodynamic system or sample of matter that results in the system temperature. The structure of dry ice bonding is listed below. Dry ice structure containing pure carbon Water molecule structure Citations – 1. Carbon Dioxide Comptons by Britannica. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online School Edition. 2. Dry Ice American Heritage Student Science Dictionary (2009): 104. Science Reference Center. Web. 3 Sept. 2012. 3. Discovery Education. Web. 13 September 2012. Hypothesis As for hypothesis, there are strong instincts and scientifically-produced imaginations that cold water will make dry ice sublimate at the fastest and hot water will make dry ice sublimate at the slowest. The average/room-temperate water will just in between. Materials 1. 3 beakers, each containing 210 mL of w ater 2. 1. 5 grams of dry ice for each beaker 3. Hot water at 100 Celsius (boiling) 4. Cold water at 10 Celsius (in fridge for 5 minutes) 5. Room-temperature water at 25 Celsius Procedure 1. Fill up one beaker with 210 mL of hot water. 2. Fill up second beaker with 210 mL of cold water. 3. Fill up third beaker with 210 mL of room temperature water. 4. Drop 1. 5 grams of dry ice into each beaker. 5. Wait to see which beaker makes the dry ice sublimate the fastest. 6. Record the results. Data The experiment resulted in multiple results. After 1. 5 grams of dry ice was poured into each beaker, it started to sublimate faster. In matter of around 30 seconds, the beaker with hot water had completely sublimated dry ice. Then, the beaker with average room temperature water had sublimated a minute later. Finally, the beaker with cold water had sublimated after two minutes. Hot water Cold water Room-temperature water Data Analysis The data shows that the beaker containing hot water made the dry ice sublimate the fastest in matter of 30 seconds or so. Then, the beaker with average temperature sublimated the ice in about a minute. Finally, the beaker with cold water sublimated after 2 minutes. So drawing analysis from these tests, it proves as the temperature of water went from hotter to colder value, the dry ice sublimation got even slower. If it was vice versa like if it went from colder to hotter value of temperature, the sublimation would have been way faster. The dependent variable in this experiment would definitely be the dry ice. Independent variable in this experiment would be the water temperature then in this case. Dry ice relied on the temperature of the water for its sublimation. As dry ice was in the beaker, it was releasing carbon dioxide gas during the process. Error Analysis In this experiment, there were few errors and mistakes. The main human error was that the cold beaker at 10 degrees Celsius should have been brought down more to around or close to 0 degrees Celsius. The average temperature beaker should have been around 50 degrees Celsius or so. So that way, hot beaker would be at 100 degrees Celsius. Then, the average beaker would have been synced to 50 degrees Celsius. Finally, the cold beaker would have been 0 degrees Celsius. If this was executed during the lab, then the results would have been more helpful and fairly accurate. Also, dry ice in each beaker should have been weighted at either 1 gram or 2 grams. That would have also made results more fairly correct. Besides some human error, there could have been some little thrown off on devices in this lab. One of them could have been weight scale as it was the old style one and they are known for not being as accurate as digital ones. Other device could have been the device used to measure water temperature. Conclusion The experiment results did not support the hypothesis. In other words, data refuted the hypothesis. As for the hypothesis, we thought cold water would make dry ice sublimate the fastest. It turned out to be actually opposite when hot water beaker proved that it sublimated dry ice the fastest. Data results and analysis proved that dry ice was dependent on the temperature of the water. Hopefully, these results can be used in some useful way in the future especially with the use of dry ice in many scientific fields. Acknowledgements Acknowledgements are for the whole group which is: Christopher Drake, Panut Panusiri, Dana Smith, and Ehsan Subhani. We all played our part of executing the lab experiment, recording the results, making visual aids, making graphs/labels, and finally, putting it altogether into a report. Thanks to Mr. Mattson for approving this science project , explaining the layout of project, and giving us a fair time to do it. Work Cited Goodman, Jeff, Leslie Bradbury, and Joe Murphy. Human Wonder Research: Dry Ice. Human Wonder Research: Dry Ice. Human Wonder Research, n. d. Web. 28 May 2013. lt;http://www. appstate. edu/~goodmanjm/rcoe/hwr/science/dry_ice/dry_ice. htmlgt;. Ken, and Ellen. Dry Ice Information All about Dry Ice. Dry Ice Information All about Dry Ice. DryiceInfo, n. d. Web. 28 May 2013. lt;http://www. dryiceinfo. com/gt;. Dry Ice for Research. Continental Carbonic. Continental Carbonic Products, n. d. Web. 28 May 2013. lt;http://www. continentalcarbonic. com/research. htmlgt;.